expyfun.ExperimentController¶

class expyfun.ExperimentController(exp_name, audio_controller=None, response_device=None, stim_rms=0.01, stim_fs=24414, stim_db=65, noise_db=45, output_dir='data', window_size=None, screen_num=None, full_screen=True, force_quit=None, participant=None, monitor=None, trigger_controller=None, session=None, check_rms='windowed', suppress_resamp=False, version=None, safe_flipping=None, n_channels=2, trigger_duration=0.01, joystick=False, verbose=None)[source]¶

Interface for hardware control (audio, buttonbox, eye tracker, etc.)

Parameters:

exp_namestr: Name of the experiment.
audio_controllerstr | dict | None: If audio_controller is None, the type will be read from the system configuration file. If a string, can be ‘sound_card’ or ‘tdt’, and the remaining audio parameters will be read from the machine configuration file. If a dict, must include a key ‘TYPE’ that is one of the supported types; the dict can contain other parameters specific to the backend (see TDTController and SoundCardController).
response_devicestr | None: Must be ‘keyboard’, ‘cedrus’, or ‘tdt’. If None, the type will be read from the machine configuration file.
stim_rmsfloat: The RMS amplitude that the stimuli were generated at (strongly recommended to be 0.01).
stim_fsint | float: The sampling frequency that the stimuli were generated with (samples per second).
stim_dbfloat: The desired dB SPL at which to play the stimuli.
noise_dbfloat: The desired dB SPL at which to play the dichotic noise.
output_dirstr | None: An absolute or relative path to a directory in which raw experiment data will be stored. If output_folder does not exist, it will be created. Data will be saved to output_dir/SUBJECT_DATE. If None, no output data or logs will be saved (ONLY FOR TESTING!).
window_sizelist | array | None: Window size to use. If list or array, it must have two elements. If None, the default will be read from the system config, falling back to [1920, 1080] if no system config is found.
screen_numint | None: Screen to use. If None, the default will be read from the system config, falling back to 0 if no system config is found.
full_screenbool: Should the experiment window be fullscreen?
force_quitlist: Keyboard key(s) to utilize as an experiment force-quit button. Can be a zero-element list for no force quit support. If None, defaults to ['lctrl', 'rctrl']. Using ['escape'] is not recommended due to default handling of ‘escape’ in pyglet.
participantstr | None: If None, a GUI will be used to acquire this information.
monitordict | None: Monitor properties. If dict, must include keys SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_DISTANCE, and SCREEN_SIZE_PIX. Generally this can be None if the width and distance have been set properly for the machine in use.
trigger_controllerstr | None: If None, the type will be read from the system configuration file. If a string, must be ‘dummy’, ‘parallel’, ‘sound_card’, or ‘tdt’. By default the mode is ‘dummy’, since setting up the parallel port can be a pain. Can also be a dict with entries ‘TYPE’ (‘parallel’), and ‘TRIGGER_ADDRESS’ (None).
sessionstr | None: If None, a GUI will be used to acquire this information.
check_rmsstr | None: Method to use in checking stimulus RMS to ensure appropriate levels. Possible values are None, wholefile, and windowed (the default); see set_rms_checking for details.
suppress_resampbool: If True, will suppress resampling of stimuli to the sampling frequency of the sound output device.
versionstr | None: A length-7 string passed to expyfun.assert_version() to ensure that the expected version of the expyfun codebase is being used when running experiments. To override version checking (e.g., during development) use version='dev'.
safe_flippingbool | None: If False, do not use glFinish when flipping. This can restore 60 Hz on Linux systems where 30 Hz framerates occur, but the timing is not necessarily guaranteed, as the flip may return before the stimulus has actually flipped (check with A-V sync test).
n_channelsint: The number of audio playback channels. Defaults to 2 (must be 2 if a TDT is used).
trigger_durationfloat: The trigger duration to use (sec). Must be 0.01 for TDT.
joystickbool: Whether or not to enable joystick control.
verbosebool, str, int, or None: If not None, override default verbose level (see expyfun.verbose).

Returns:

exp_controllerinstance of ExperimentController: The experiment control interface.

Notes

When debugging, it’s useful to use the flush_logs() method to get information (based on the level of verbosity) printed to the console.

call_on_every_flip(function)[source]¶

Add a function to be executed on every flip.

Parameters:

functionfunction | None: The function to call. If None, all the “on every flip” functions will be cleared.

See also

ExperimentController.call_on_next_flip

Notes

See flip_and_play for order of operations. Can be called multiple times to add multiple functions to the queue. If the function must be called with arguments, use functools.partial() before passing to call_on_every_flip.

call_on_next_flip(function)[source]¶

Add a function to be executed on next flip only.

Parameters:

functionfunction | None: The function to call. If None, all the “on every flip” functions will be cleared.

See also

ExperimentController.call_on_every_flip

Notes

check_force_quit()[source]¶: Check to see if any force quit keys were pressed.

close()[source]¶: Close all connections in experiment controller.

property current_time¶: Timestamp from the experiment master clock.

property data_fname¶: Date filename

delete_video()[source]¶: Delete the video.

estimate_screen_fs(n_rep=10)[source]¶

Estimate screen refresh rate using repeated flip() calls

Useful for verifying that a system is operating at the proper sample rate.

Parameters:

n_repint: Number of flips to use. The higher the number, the more accurate the estimate but the more time will be consumed.

Returns:

screen_fsfloat: The screen refresh rate.

flip(when=None)[source]¶

Flip screen, then run any “on-flip” functions.

Parameters:

whenfloat | None: Time to flip. If None, flip immediately. Note that due to flip timing limitations, this is only a guaranteed minimum (not absolute) wait time before the flip completes. As a result, in some cases when should be set to a value smaller than your true intended flip time.

Returns:

flip_timefloat: The timestamp of the screen flip.

See also

ExperimentController.identify_trial
ExperimentController.play
ExperimentController.start_stimulus
ExperimentController.stop
ExperimentController.trial_ok

Notes

Order of operations is: screen flip, functions added with call_on_next_flip, followed by functions added with call_on_every_flip.

flush()[source]¶: Flush logs and data files.

property fs¶: Playback frequency of the audio controller (samples / second).

get_clicks(live_buttons=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None)[source]¶

Get the entire keyboard / button box buffer.

Parameters:

live_buttonslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable buttons. None accepts all mouse clicks.
timestampbool: Whether the mouse click should be timestamped. If True, returns the button click time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time listen_clicks was last called.

Returns:

clickslist of tuple: Returns a list of the clicks between min_wait and max_wait. If timestamp==True, each entry is a tuple (str, int, int, float) indicating the button clicked and its timestamp. If timestamp==False, each entry is a tuple (str, int, int) indicating the button clicked.

See also

ExperimentController.get_mouse_position
ExperimentController.listen_clicks
ExperimentController.toggle_cursor
ExperimentController.wait_one_click
ExperimentController.wait_for_clicks

get_joystick_button_presses(timestamp=True, relative_to=None, kind='presses', return_kinds=False)[source]¶

Get the entire joystick buffer.

This will also clear events that are not requested per type.

Parameters:

timestampbool: Whether the keypress should be timestamped. If True, returns the button press time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time listen_presses was last called.
kindstring: Which button events to return. One of presses, releases or both. (default presses)
return_kindsbool: Return the kinds of presses.

Returns:

presseslist: Returns a list of tuples with button events. Each tuple’s first value will be the button pressed. If timestamp==True, the second value is the time for the event. If return_kinds==True, then the last value is a string indicating if this was a button press or release event.

See also

ExperimentController.listen_presses

get_joystick_value(kind)[source]¶

Get the current joystick x direction.

Parameters:

kindstr: Can be “x”, “y”, “hat_x”, “hat_y”, “z”, “rz”, “rx”, or “ry”.

Returns:

xfloat: Value in the range -1 to 1.

get_mouse_position(units='pix')[source]¶

Mouse position in screen coordinates

Parameters:

unitsstr: Units to return. See check_units for options.

Returns:

positionndarray: The mouse position.

See also

ExperimentController.get_clicks
ExperimentController.listen_clicks
ExperimentController.toggle_cursor
ExperimentController.wait_one_click
ExperimentController.wait_for_clicks

get_presses(live_keys=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None, kind='presses', return_kinds=False)[source]¶

Get the entire keyboard / button box buffer.

This will also clear events that are not requested per type.

Parameters:

live_keyslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable keys or buttons. Other data types are cast as strings, so a list of ints will also work. None accepts all keypresses.
timestampbool: Whether the keypress should be timestamped. If True, returns the button press time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time listen_presses was last called.
kindstring: Which key events to return. One of presses, releases or both. (default presses)
return_kindsbool: Return the kinds of presses.

Returns:

presseslist: Returns a list of tuples with key events. Each tuple’s first value will be the key pressed. If timestamp==True, the second value is the time for the event. If return_kinds==True, then the last value is a string indicating if this was a key press or release event.

See also

ExperimentController.listen_presses
ExperimentController.wait_one_press
ExperimentController.wait_for_presses

get_time()[source]¶

Return current master clock time

Returns:

timefloat: Time since ExperimentController was created.

property id_types¶: Trial ID types needed for each trial.

identify_trial(**ids)[source]¶

Identify trial type before beginning the trial

Parameters:

**idskeyword arguments: Ids to stamp, e.g. ec_id='TL90,MR45'. Use `id_types` to see valid options. Typical choices are ``ec_id, el_id, and ttl_id for experiment controller, eyelink, and TDT (or parallel port) respectively. If the value passed is a dict, its entries will be passed as keywords to the underlying function.

See also

ExperimentController.id_types
ExperimentController.stamp_triggers
ExperimentController.start_stimulus
ExperimentController.stop
ExperimentController.trial_ok

listen_clicks()[source]¶

Start listening for mouse clicks.

See also

ExperimentController.get_clicks
ExperimentController.get_mouse_position
ExperimentController.toggle_cursor

listen_joystick_button_presses()[source]¶

Start listening for joystick buttons.

See also

ExperimentController.get_joystick_button_presses

listen_presses()[source]¶

Start listening for keypresses.

See also

ExperimentController.get_presses
ExperimentController.wait_one_press
ExperimentController.wait_for_presses

load_buffer(samples)[source]¶

Load audio data into the audio buffer

Parameters:

samplesnp.array: Audio data as floats scaled to (-1,+1), formatted as numpy array with shape (1, N), (2, N), or (N,) dtype float32.

See also

ExperimentController.play
ExperimentController.set_stim_db
ExperimentController.start_stimulus
ExperimentController.stop

load_video(file_name, pos=(0, 0), units='norm', center=True)[source]¶

Load a video.

Parameters:

file_namestr: The filename.
postuple: The screen position.
unitsstr: Units for pos. See check_units for options.
centerbool: If True, center the video.

move_mouse_to(pos, units='norm')[source]¶

Move the mouse position to the specified position.

Parameters:

posarray-like: 2-element array-like with X and Y.
unitsstr: Units to use. See check_units for options.

property noise_db¶: Sound power in dB of the background noise.

property on_every_flip_functions¶: Current stack of functions called on every flip.

property on_next_flip_functions¶: Current stack of functions to be called on next flip.

play()[source]¶

Start audio playback

Returns:

play_timefloat: The timestamp of the audio playback.

See also

ExperimentController.load_buffer
ExperimentController.set_stim_db
ExperimentController.start_stimulus
ExperimentController.stop

refocus()[source]¶

Attempt to grab operating system window manager / keyboard focus.

This implements platform-specific trickery to bring the window to the top and capture keyboard focus in cases where keyboard input from a subject is mandatory (e.g., when using keyboard as a response device).

Notes

For Windows, the solution as adapted from:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/916259/win32-bring-a-window-to-top#answer-34414846

This function currently does nothing on Linux and OSX.

screen_prompt(text, max_wait=inf, min_wait=0, live_keys=None, timestamp=False, clear_after=True, pos=[0, 0], color='white', font_name='Arial', font_size=24, wrap=True, units='norm', attr=True, click=False)[source]¶

Display text and (optionally) wait for user continuation

Parameters:

textstr | list: The text to display. It will automatically wrap lines. If list, the prompts will be displayed sequentially.
max_waitfloat: The maximum amount of time to wait before returning. Can be np.inf to wait until the user responds.
min_waitfloat: The minimum amount of time to wait before returning. Useful for avoiding subjects missing instructions.
live_keyslist | None: The acceptable list of buttons or keys to use to advance the trial. If None, all buttons / keys will be accepted. If an empty list, the prompt displays until max_wait seconds have passed.
timestampbool: If True, output the timestamp as well.
clear_afterbool: If True, the screen will be cleared before returning.
poslist | tuple: x, y position of the text. In the default units (-1 to 1, with positive going up and right) the default is dead center (0, 0).
colormatplotlib color: The text color.
font_namestr: The name of the font to use.
font_sizefloat: The font size (in points) to use.
wrapbool: Whether or not the text will wrap to fit in screen, appropriate for multi-line text. Inappropriate for text requiring precise positioning or centering.
unitsstr: Units for pos. See check_units for options. Applies to pos but not font_size.
attrbool: Should the text be interpreted with pyglet’s decode_attributed method? This allows inline formatting for text color, e.g., 'This is {color (255, 0, 0, 255)}red text'.
clickbool: Whether to use clicks to advance rather than key presses.

Returns:

pressedtuple | str | None: If timestamp==True, returns a tuple (str, float) indicating the first key pressed and its timestamp (or (None, None) if no acceptable key was pressed between min_wait and max_wait). If timestamp==False, returns a string indicating the first key pressed (or None if no acceptable key was pressed).

See also

ExperimentController.screen_text

screen_text(text, pos=[0, 0], color='white', font_name='Arial', font_size=24, wrap=True, units='norm', attr=True, log_data=True)[source]¶

Show some text on the screen.

Parameters:

textstr: The text to be rendered.
poslist | tuple: x, y position of the text. In the default units (-1 to 1, with positive going up and right) the default is dead center (0, 0).
colormatplotlib color: The text color.
font_namestr: The name of the font to use.
font_sizefloat: The font size (in points) to use.
wrapbool: Whether or not the text will wrap to fit in screen, appropriate for multi-line text. Inappropriate for text requiring precise positioning or centering.
unitsstr: Units for pos. See check_units for options. Applies to pos but not font_size.
attrbool: Should the text be interpreted with pyglet’s decode_attributed method? This allows inline formatting for text color, e.g., 'This is {color (255, 0, 0, 255)}red text'.
log_databool: Whether or not to write a line in the log file.

Returns:

Instance of visual.Text

See also

ExperimentController.screen_prompt

screenshot()[source]¶

Capture the current displayed buffer

This method must be called before flipping, because it captures the back buffer.

Returns:

dataarray, shape (h, w, 4): Screen pixel colors.

set_background_color(color='black')[source]¶

Set and draw a solid background color

Parameters:

colormatplotlib color: The background color.

Notes

This should be called before anything else is drawn to the buffer, since it will draw a filled rectangle over everything. On subsequent flips, the rectangle will automatically be “drawn” because glClearColor will be set so the buffer starts out with the appropriate background color.

set_noise_db(new_db)[source]¶

Set the level of the background noise.

Parameters:

new_dbfloat: The new level.

See also

ExperimentController.start_noise
ExperimentController.stop_noise

set_rms_checking(check_rms)[source]¶

Set the RMS checking flag.

Parameters:

check_rmsstr | None: Method to use in checking stimulus RMS to ensure appropriate levels. 'windowed' uses a 10ms window to find the max RMS in each channel and checks to see that it is within 6 dB of the stated stim_rms. 'wholefile' checks the RMS of the stimulus as a whole, while None disables RMS checking.

set_stim_db(new_db)[source]¶

Set the level of the stimuli.

Parameters:

new_dbfloat: The new level.

See also

ExperimentController.load_buffer
ExperimentController.play
ExperimentController.start_stimulus
ExperimentController.stop

set_visible(visible=True, flip=True)[source]¶

Set the window visibility

Parameters:

visiblebool: The visibility.
flipbool: If visible is True, call flip after setting visible. This fixes an issue with the window background color not being set properly for the first draw after setting visible; by default (at least on Linux) the background is black when the window is restored, regardless of what the glClearColor had been set to.

stamp_triggers(ids, check='binary', wait_for_last=True)[source]¶

Stamp binary values

Parameters:

idsint | list of int: Value(s) to stamp.
checkstr: If ‘binary’, enforce standard binary value stamping of only values [1, 2, 4, 8]. If ‘int4’, enforce values as integers between 1 and 15.
wait_for_lastbool: If True, wait for last trigger to be stamped before returning. If False, don’t wait at all (if possible).

See also

ExperimentController.identify_trial

Notes

This may be (nearly) instantaneous, or take a while, depending on the type of triggering (TDT, sound card, or parallel).

start_noise()[source]¶

Start the background masker noise

See also

ExperimentController.set_noise_db
ExperimentController.stop_noise

start_stimulus(start_of_trial=True, flip=True, when=None)[source]¶

Play audio, (optionally) flip screen, run any “on_flip” functions.

Parameters:

start_of_trialbool: If True, it checks to make sure that the trial ID has been stamped appropriately. Set to False only in cases where flip_and_play is to be used mid-trial (should be rare!).
flipbool: If False, don’t flip the screen.
whenfloat | None: Time to start stimulus. If None, start immediately. Note that due to flip timing limitations, this is only a guaranteed minimum (not absolute) wait time before the flip completes (if flip is True). As a result, in some cases when should be set to a value smaller than your true intended flip time.

Returns:

flip_timefloat: The timestamp of the screen flip.

See also

ExperimentController.identify_trial
ExperimentController.flip
ExperimentController.play
ExperimentController.stop
ExperimentController.trial_ok

Notes

Order of operations is: screen flip (optional), audio start, then (only if flip=True) additional functions added with call_on_next_flip and call_on_every_flip.

property stim_db¶: Sound power in dB of the stimuli.

property stim_fs¶: Sampling rate at which the stimuli were generated.

stop(wait=False)[source]¶

Stop audio buffer playback and reset cursor to beginning of buffer

Parameters:

waitbool: If True, try to wait until the end of the sound stimulus (not guaranteed to yield accurate timings!).

See also

ExperimentController.load_buffer
ExperimentController.play
ExperimentController.set_stim_db
ExperimentController.start_stimulus

stop_noise()[source]¶

Stop the background masker noise

See also

ExperimentController.set_noise_db
ExperimentController.start_noise

system_beep()[source]¶

Play a system beep

This will play through the system audio, not through the audio controller (unless that is set to be the system audio). This is useful for e.g., notifying that it’s time for an eye-tracker calibration.

text_input(stop_key='return', instruction_string='Type response below', pos=[0, 0], color='white', font_name='Arial', font_size=24, wrap=True, units='norm', all_caps=True)[source]¶

Allows participant to input text and view on the screen.

Parameters:

stop_keystr: The key to exit text input mode.
instruction_stringstr: A string after the text entry to tell the participant what to do.
poslist | tuple: x, y position of the text. In the default units (-1 to 1, with positive going up and right) the default is dead center (0, 0).
colormatplotlib color: The text color.
font_namestr: The name of the font to use.
font_sizefloat: The font size (in points) to use.
wrapbool: Whether or not the text will wrap to fit in screen, appropriate for multi-line text. Inappropriate for text requiring precise positioning or centering.
unitsstr: Units for pos. See check_units for options. Applies to pos but not font_size.
all_capsbool: Whether the text should be displayed in all caps.

Returns:

textstr: The final input string.

toggle_cursor(visibility, flip=False)[source]¶

Show or hide the mouse

Parameters:

visibilitybool: If True, show; if False, hide.
flipbool: If True, flip after toggling.

See also

ExperimentController.get_clicks
ExperimentController.get_mouse_position
ExperimentController.listen_clicks
ExperimentController.wait_one_click
ExperimentController.wait_for_clicks

trial_ok()[source]¶

Report that the trial was okay and do post-trial tasks.

For example, logs and data files can be flushed at the end of each trial.

See also

ExperimentController.identify_trial
ExperimentController.start_stimulus
ExperimentController.stop

wait_for_click_on(objects, max_wait=inf, min_wait=0.0, live_buttons=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None)[source]¶

Returns the first click after min_wait over a visual object.

Parameters:

objectslist | Rectangle | Circle: A list of objects (or a single object) that the user may click on. Supported types are: Rectangle, Circle
max_waitfloat: Duration after which control is returned if no button is clicked.
min_waitfloat: Duration for which to ignore button clicks.
live_buttonslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable buttons. None accepts all mouse clicks.
timestampbool: Whether the mouse click should be timestamped. If True, returns the mouse click time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time wait_one_click was called.

Returns:

clickedtuple | str | None: If timestamp==True, returns a tuple (str, int, int, float) indicating the first valid button clicked and its timestamp (or (None, None, None, None) if no acceptable button was clicked between min_wait and max_wait). If timestamp==False, returns a tuple (str, int, int) indicating the first button clicked (or (None, None, None) if no acceptable key was clicked).
indexthe index of the object in the list of objects that was clicked: on. Returns None if time ran out before a valid click. If objects were overlapping, it returns the index of the object that comes first in the objects argument.

wait_for_clicks(max_wait=inf, min_wait=0.0, live_buttons=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None, visible=None)[source]¶

Returns all clicks between min_wait and max_wait.

Parameters:

max_waitfloat: Duration after which control is returned if no button is clicked.
min_waitfloat: Duration for which to ignore button clicks.
live_buttonslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable buttons. None accepts all mouse clicks.
timestampbool: Whether the mouse click should be timestamped. If True, returns the mouse click time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time wait_one_click was called.
visibleNone | bool: Whether to show the cursor while in the function. None has no effect and is the default. A boolean will show it (or not) while the function has control and then set visibility back to its previous value afterwards.

Returns:

clickslist of tuple: Returns a list of the clicks between min_wait and max_wait. If timestamp==True, each entry is a tuple (str, int, int, float) indicating the button clicked and its timestamp. If timestamp==False, each entry is a tuple (str, int, int) indicating the button clicked.

See also

ExperimentController.get_clicks
ExperimentController.get_mouse_position
ExperimentController.listen_clicks
ExperimentController.toggle_cursor
ExperimentController.wait_one_click

wait_for_presses(max_wait, min_wait=0.0, live_keys=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None)[source]¶

Returns all button presses between min_wait and max_wait.

Parameters:

max_waitfloat: Duration after which control is returned.
min_waitfloat: Duration for which to ignore keypresses (force-quit keys will still be checked at the end of the wait).
live_keyslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable keys or buttons. Other data types are cast as strings, so a list of ints will also work. None accepts all keypresses.
timestampbool: Whether the keypresses should be timestamped. If True, returns the button press time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp is False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time wait_for_presses was called.

Returns:

presseslist: If timestamp==False, returns a list of strings indicating which keys were pressed. Otherwise, returns a list of tuples (str, float) of keys and their timestamps.

See also

ExperimentController.listen_presses
ExperimentController.get_presses
ExperimentController.wait_one_press

wait_one_click(max_wait=inf, min_wait=0.0, live_buttons=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None, visible=None)[source]¶

Returns only the first mouse button clicked after min_wait.

Parameters:

max_waitfloat: Duration after which control is returned if no button is clicked.
min_waitfloat: Duration for which to ignore button clicks.
live_buttonslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable buttons. None accepts all mouse clicks.
timestampbool: Whether the mouse click should be timestamped. If True, returns the mouse click time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time wait_one_click was called.
visibleNone | bool: Whether to show the cursor while in the function. None has no effect and is the default. A boolean will show it (or not) while the function has control and then set visibility back to its previous value afterwards.

Returns:

clickedtuple | str | None: If timestamp==True, returns a tuple (str, int, int, float) indicating the first button clicked and its timestamp (or (None, None, None, None) if no acceptable button was clicked between min_wait and max_wait). If timestamp==False, returns a tuple (str, int, int) indicating the first button clicked (or (None, None, None) if no acceptable key was clicked).

See also

ExperimentController.get_clicks
ExperimentController.get_mouse_position
ExperimentController.listen_clicks
ExperimentController.toggle_cursor
ExperimentController.wait_for_clicks

wait_one_press(max_wait=inf, min_wait=0.0, live_keys=None, timestamp=True, relative_to=None)[source]¶

Returns only the first button pressed after min_wait.

Parameters:

max_waitfloat: Duration after which control is returned if no key is pressed.
min_waitfloat: Duration for which to ignore keypresses (force-quit keys will still be checked at the end of the wait).
live_keyslist | None: List of strings indicating acceptable keys or buttons. Other data types are cast as strings, so a list of ints will also work. None accepts all keypresses.
timestampbool: Whether the keypress should be timestamped. If True, returns the button press time relative to the value given in relative_to.
relative_toNone | float: A time relative to which timestamping is done. Ignored if timestamp==False. If None, timestamps are relative to the time wait_one_press was called.

Returns:

pressedtuple | str | None: If timestamp==True, returns a tuple (str, float) indicating the first key pressed and its timestamp (or (None, None) if no acceptable key was pressed between min_wait and max_wait). If timestamp==False, returns a string indicating the first key pressed (or None if no acceptable key was pressed).

See also

ExperimentController.listen_presses
ExperimentController.get_presses
ExperimentController.wait_for_presses

wait_secs(secs)[source]¶

Wait a specified number of seconds.

Parameters:

secsfloat: Number of seconds to wait.

See also

ExperimentController.wait_until

wait_until(timestamp)[source]¶

Wait until the given time is reached.

Parameters:

timestampfloat: A time to wait until, evaluated against the experiment master clock.

Returns:

remaining_timefloat: The difference between timestamp and the time wait_until was called.

See also

ExperimentController.wait_secs

Notes

Unlike wait_secs, there is no guarantee of precise timing with this function. It is the responsibility of the user to do choose a reasonable timestamp (or equivalently, do a reasonably small amount of processing prior to calling wait_until).

property window¶: Pyglet visual window handle.

write_data_line(event_type, value=None, timestamp=None)[source]¶

Add a line of data to the output CSV.

Parameters:

event_typestr: Type of event (e.g., keypress, screen flip, etc.)
valueNone | str: Anything that can be cast to a string is okay here.
timestampfloat | None: The timestamp when the event occurred. If None, will use the time the data line was written from the master clock.